LIVESTOCK
Welcome to the Biosecurity Nova Scotia livestock resources. Here you will find biosecurity information relevant to livestock production. We offer a range of resources, including factsheets, checklists and links to internal and external sites with valuable information. Many of the factsheets contain valuable tips across multiple species; in addition, some fact sheets are specifically targeted to poultry producers.
POULTRY
RESOURCES
Avian Influenza Information Card
This rack card will provide you with additional information on Avian Influenza and how to keep your flock safe.
Avian Influenza: March 2023 North American Situation (YouTube Video)
Avian Influenza continues to be an ongoing threat! Check out the above video for the latest update on Avian Influenza from the Provincial Chief Vet Officer at NSDA! Hear about the current situation and where you can find updated information as the year progresses. Learn about the symptoms of Avian Influenza, what you can do if your birds seem sick, and what to expect if you or someone nearby has Avian Influenza in their flock.
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Biosecurity for Small Poultry Flocks (Perennia)
Owners of small poultry flocks can develop simple but effective biosecurity plans to protect their flocks. Small poultry flock owners must know the risk of diseases to their birds and surrounding commercial flocks.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Darkling Beetle Control on Livestock Operations
Darkling beetles are a concern in poultry production. They can introduce or spread a disease to a facility and carry over pathogens to the next production cycle if not treated properly.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Follow the suggestions to help reduce the number of lice and mites found in poultry on farm.
All in/all out production systems are systems in which animals move through the stages of production as a group. They are often all the same age, and new animals are not added to the group to prevent the introduction of pathogens.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination.
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Poultry Biosecurity Self Assessment
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
HOG
RESOURCES
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Biosecurity for Small Scale Livestock Production (Perennia)
Biosecurity is not limited to large scale farms. Regardless of size or production philosophy, all farms, even hobby farms, are responsible for preventing an outbreak or spread of animal (or plant) disease or pests.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
Cleaning out Livestock Trailers
Livestock trailers can be a major source of contamination. By cleaning the trailer out after every use, the incidence of disease transfer can be significantly reduced.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Livestock fencing ensures livestock remain in a designated area where they are safe from injury and limit contact with other livestock, people and other animal species.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Lice, Mites, Fleas, Ticks in Livestock
Lice, mites, fleas, and ticks are blood-sucking parasites and act as stressors to livestock. Ticks are especially a concern for pastured livestock.
Reducing Risk when Moving Livestock
One of the biggest risks when introducing new diseases to a farm is the movement of animals onto the farm. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of disease contraction or spreading when moving livestock.
All in/all out production systems are systems in which animals move through the stages of production as a group. They are often all the same age, and new animals are not added to the group to prevent the introduction of pathogens.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination.
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Biosecurity Checklist for Farms
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
BEEF
RESOURCES
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Biosecurity for Small Scale Livestock Production (Perennia)
Biosecurity is not limited to large scale farms. Regardless of size or production philosophy, all farms, even hobby farms, are responsible for preventing an outbreak or spread of animal (or plant) disease or pests.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
Cleaning out Livestock Trailers
Livestock trailers can be a major source of contamination. By cleaning the trailer out after every use, the incidence of disease transfer can be significantly reduced.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Livestock fencing ensures livestock remain in a designated area where they are safe from injury and limit contact with other livestock, people and other animal species.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Lice, Mites, Fleas, Ticks in Livestock
Lice, mites, fleas, and ticks are blood-sucking parasites and act as stressors to livestock. Ticks are especially a concern for pastured livestock.
Reducing Risk when Moving Livestock
One of the biggest risks when introducing new diseases to a farm is the movement of animals onto the farm. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of disease contraction or spreading when moving livestock.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination.
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Biosecurity Checklist for Farms
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
SHEEP AND GOATS
RESOURCES
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Biosecurity for Small Scale Livestock Production (Perennia)
Biosecurity is not limited to large scale farms. Regardless of size or production philosophy, all farms, even hobby farms, are responsible for preventing an outbreak or spread of animal (or plant) disease or pests.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
Cleaning out Livestock Trailers
Livestock trailers can be a major source of contamination. By cleaning the trailer out after every use, the incidence of disease transfer can be significantly reduced.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Livestock fencing ensures livestock remain in a designated area where they are safe from injury and limit contact with other livestock, people and other animal species.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Lice, Mites, Fleas, Ticks in Livestock
Lice, mites, fleas, and ticks are blood-sucking parasites and act as stressors to livestock. Ticks are especially a concern for pastured livestock.
Reducing Risk when Moving Livestock
One of the biggest risks when introducing new diseases to a farm is the movement of animals onto the farm. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of disease contraction or spreading when moving livestock.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Biosecurity Checklist for Farms
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
DAIRY
RESOURCES
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Biosecurity for Small Scale Livestock Production (Perennia)
Biosecurity is not limited to large scale farms. Regardless of size or production philosophy, all farms, even hobby farms, are responsible for preventing an outbreak or spread of animal (or plant) disease or pests.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
Cleaning out Livestock Trailers
Livestock trailers can be a major source of contamination. By cleaning the trailer out after every use, the incidence of disease transfer can be significantly reduced.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Livestock fencing ensures livestock remain in a designated area where they are safe from injury and limit contact with other livestock, people and other animal species.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Lice, Mites, Fleas, Ticks in Livestock
Lice, mites, fleas, and ticks are blood-sucking parasites and act as stressors to livestock. Ticks are especially a concern for pastured livestock.
Reducing Risk when Moving Livestock
One of the biggest risks when introducing new diseases to a farm is the movement of animals onto the farm. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of disease contraction or spreading when moving livestock.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination.
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Biosecurity Checklist for Farms
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
FUR
RESOURCES
Biosecurity for Mink Ranches (Perennia)
This factsheet provides practical advice to mink farmers for adopting biosecurity protocols to prevent Aleutian Disease and other impactful diseases.
National Biosecurity Standards and Principles for Livestock and Poultry Sectors (CFIA)
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency is responsible for national biosecurity protocols and standards. This webpage provides information on industry-specific biosecurity standards and principles.
Assess the Risks on Your Farm – Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA)
Biosecurity Checklist (CFIA): This checklist provided by the CFIA helps to identify potential risks present in your operation, which can be used to strengthen your current biosecurity plan.
Deadstock Disposal Options for On-Farm (OMAFRA)
Where there is livestock, there will inevitably be deadstock. Livestock producers need a plan in place for safely handling and disposing of deadstock; this publication from OMAFRA provides information on safe disposal options and methods.
Biosecurity for Small Scale Livestock Production (Perennia)
Biosecurity is not limited to large scale farms. Regardless of size or production philosophy, all farms, even hobby farms, are responsible for preventing an outbreak or spread of animal (or plant) disease or pests.
Manure Management Through Composting (NS Federation of Agriculture)
Managing manure is a key part of a comprehensive biosecurity plan. This guide provides instruction to Nova Scotia livestock producers on properly composting manure.
On-Farm Livestock Mortality Management (NS Federation of Agriculture)
This guide provides information to Nova Scotia livestock producers on mortality and deadstock management, focusing on biopile creation and maintenance.
Composting Mortality (Cornell)
This one-page factsheet provides simple, easy-to-use instruction on composting deadstock on-farm.
Australia has extensive information on biosecurity practices for many different types of farms. Although some of the details and regulations aren’t applicable to Nova Scotia, there is plenty of information to get you thinking about different aspects of biosecurity.
Compost – Basics of On-Farm Composting (Government of New Brunswick)
The government of New Brunswick put together a factsheet outlining pertinent information, methods and recommendations for farmers who are interesting in composting. Composting is an effective way to break down organic materials into a product that can be used to improve crop land (source of nutrients and improved organic matter for example). It is important to follow correct procedures when composting to ensure the outcome is a high-quality product free of pathogens.
The following guide provides some basic tips for a biosecure barn layout.
Bird Control on Livestock Operations
Birds are natural carriers of disease and parasites. It is important to take steps to prevent them from causing damage.
Cleaning out Livestock Trailers
Livestock trailers can be a major source of contamination. By cleaning the trailer out after every use, the incidence of disease transfer can be significantly reduced.
The following tips can minimize or prevent disease transmission from manure and waste back into the housing system or the environment.
Livestock fencing ensures livestock remain in a designated area where they are safe from injury and limit contact with other livestock, people and other animal species.
Fly Control on Livestock Operations
Flies can act as disease vectors. Here are some tips to help control flies on livestock operations.
Lice, Mites, Fleas, Ticks in Livestock
Lice, mites, fleas, and ticks are blood-sucking parasites and act as stressors to livestock. Ticks are especially a concern for pastured livestock.
Reducing Risk when Moving Livestock
One of the biggest risks when introducing new diseases to a farm is the movement of animals onto the farm. Here are some tips to help reduce the risk of disease contraction or spreading when moving livestock.
When a health concern or disease outbreak is noted on a farm, isolation or quarantine can be used as strategic procedures for disease containment. Check out the following tips and information for containing livestock on a farm operation.
Feed can be a source of weed seeds, disease organisms and food for pests such as rodents and insects. It is important to handle and store feed properly to minimize the chance of contamination.
Health management is a combination of preventative and reactive actions to maintain the overall health of the flock or herd and prevent the spread of any pathogens that happen to become established.
When combined with preventative measures like vaccines and other biosecurity protocols, monitoring can help to identify issues early, allowing time to react and contain the spread of contagions.
Handling and Disposal of Mortalities – Small Livestock
Deadstock can be a major source of contamination both through already diseased tissue and as a posthumous host for other diseases.
Agri-tourism presents a unique set of challenges when it comes to biosecurity. The risk increases when people are travelling from farm to farm, such as with open farm days or wine tours. Here are some suggestions on how to keep agritourism operations secure.
Biosecure Farm Site and Layout
There are things to take note of in an existing operation that may influence current and future biosecurity practices. Here are some things you should consider when looking at the effectiveness of biosecurity practices.
On-Farm Water Management Related to Biosecurity
Water is used widely on farms, including but not limited to watering animals, irrigation, pesticide and fertilizer applications and frost control. Considering the prevalence of water in agricultural systems, it has the potential to have enormous impacts on a farm’s biosecurity.
Controlled and Restricted Access
Restricted access refers to the physical separation of one area from another, where only certain people are permitted to enter. Controlled access refers to an area which could consist of land and multiple buildings, for which access is controlled at a certain point. Here are some tips to help with controlled and restricted access areas on the farm.
Identifying Potential Farm Site Cross Contamination Areas
Identifying areas with the potential for cross-contamination or transmission of infection can be very useful in preventing them or deciding the most important areas to address. Here are a few tips for identifying potential cross-contamination areas on your farm.
While it’s difficult to change the layout of a farm, there are always things that can be slightly altered to increase the flow and containment of risks for an existing set-up. The following should be considered during new construction, any expansions or renovations on the farm and when assessing your existing set-up.
Clothing and footwear can play a significant role in transferring disease and weed seeds around the farm and between farms. Certain livestock operations may require specific biosecurity clothing, but there are some general guidelines that you can follow to minimize your risk at any level.
Maintaining cleanliness and the structure of your facilities (buildings and property) will help prevent pests from becoming established on your farm. This factsheet will highlight some tips on maintaining your facilities in relation to biosecurity.
Humans can be carriers of pests via clothing, footwear, and vehicles. When traveling off farm or in the case that you must visit another farm consider these tips to prevent bringing pests back to your farm.
Rodents are attracted to sheltered facilities (such as barns and sheds), especially those which provide a potential food source. It is best to keep rodents in check as they will cause damage to property and can carry diseases. This sheet will provide tips on how to prevent rodent infestation on your farm.
Not everyone is aware of biosecurity protocols. Signage will help inform farm visitors and remind workers of what biosecurity measures are in place and where entry is restricted. This sheet will list some considerations when selecting or designing signage for biosecurity.
Tools and equipment that are not cleaned or sanitized properly between blocks/fields can transmit pests around your farm or to other farms. Refer to tips in this factsheet to learn how to prevent your equipment from being a source of contamination.
Tips for traffic on and off farm
Pests can be transported on vehicles, which is why it’s important to understand and manage how traffic moves on and off your farm. Here you will find tips on how to manage traffic on and off your farm to reduce the chances of introducing and spreading pests.
CHECKLISTS
Biosecurity Checklist for Farms
Checklist for Controlled Access Buildings
BEE
RESOURCES
Varroa Mite Management Options For Atlantic Canada
What’s the Buzz about the Asian Giant Hornet?
Nosema News from the Atlantic Tech Transfer Team for Apiculture (ATTTA)
*Apivar® and Bayvarol® suppress varroa mites in honey bee colonies in Canadian Maritime Provinces
Report – Initial Findings on Miticide Efficacy in the Maritimes
Small Hive Beetle – Learn how to spot it and what to do if you find it
Summer Disease and Pest Monitoring in Honey Bees
Condensed Report on Miticide Resistance in Atlantic Canada
All about Queens, Murder Hornets, and Drought
Marking Queens / Nosema Levels in Honey Bees
What is Honey? / World Honey Bee Health
Fall Feeding: Preparations to Survive Winter! / Newfoundland hopes to remain Varroa free!
Blueberry Update / Are You a Shrewd or “Shrewed” Beekeeper?
Synthetic chemical treatment options for Varroa mites
New Controls for Varroa destructor
Why is the Varroa mite so damaging to honey bees!
Asian Giant Hornet (Vespa mandarinia) / Tropilaelaps mite
Honey Authenticity / Honey Bee Gut Bacteria / Nosema and Learning
Dutch honey bees resistant to varroa mite imported to Australia to help guard against the pest
Deformed Wing Virus: A Persistent Pathogen of Honey Bees!
Sacbrood Virus: The First Honey Bee Virus Discovered
Bee Paralysis: The Common Ground of 3 Honey Bee Viruses
Black Queen Cell Virus: One of the most prevalent viral pathogens of honey bees!
Kashmir Bee Virus: Last, but Not Least Virulent
Happy Fall: Time to Get Out The Mite Sampling Jars
Essential Oils to Suppress Varroa Mites
Dysentery and Nosema – Winter Threats
*Scientific journal article